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Morris J. Berman oil spill
The Morris J. Berman oil spill occurred on January 7, 1994, when the ''Morris J. Berman'', a single-hull 302-foot-long barge, with the capacity to carry more than 3 million gallons of oil, collided with a coral reef near San Juan, Puerto Rico,〔 causing the release of 750,000 gallons of heavy grade oil.〔 The spill affected the tourism and fishing industries as well as wildlife along the shores of Puerto Rico, Isla Culebrita, and Isla de Viques. The spill had major long-lasting impacts on the biological and natural resources of the entire Puerto Rican area. This spill was also the first to occur in U.S. waters after the passing of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990.〔
==The incident==
The ''Morris J. Berman'' left the Port of San Juan, Puerto Rico in the early morning hours of January 7th, 1994 in tow behind the tug boat ''Emily S.'', carrying a total of 1.5 million gallons of oil. The barge was nearly two hours into its trip to Antigua when the towing cable connecting the ''Berman'' to the ''Emily'' snapped for the first time. Repairs were made to the cable, and the voyage continued. At 3:50 AM, the cable snapped a second time, and the barge broke free striking a coral reef off of Escambron Beach, near San Juan. The impact caused extensive damage to two of the barge's nine holding tanks, releasing 750,000 gallons of oil.〔 An intense northerly wind added to the damage done to the vessel by pounding the stranded barge with heavy surf.〔 Oil washed on shore in Puerto Rico between Punta Boca Juana and Punta Vacia Talega. Oil also affected the shores of Isla Cuberta, an island to the east of Puerto Rico.〔 Most of the areas threatened and impacted by the spill were sheltered lagoons, biota-rich intertidal zones, and beach dunes, which are all habitats for many species. Several historic locations were also threatened and impacted by the oil, some of them being pre-Columbian ruins, historic walls and bridges, and Spanish era forts. The vast majority of all of these affected areas were located on the north shore of Puerto Rico.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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